St Cecilia's Hall, Musical Instrument Museums Edinburghįrom about the mid-nineteenth century, the bass trombone in G enjoyed a period of extended popularity in France and especially Britain. The bass trombone in Britain Bass trombone in G with D valve. Late Romantic German composers specifying Tenorbaßposaune in scores intended a B♭/F trombone capable of playing below E 2 Arnold Schoenberg called for four in Gurre-Lieder (1911). These instruments in B♭/F gradually replaced the larger bass trombones in F and E♭ over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Intended to bridge the range gap of the tenor trombone between E 2 and B♭ 1, it was quickly adopted for bass trombone parts, particularly in Germany. 'fourth valve'), a valve attachment for a B♭ tenor trombone to lower the instrument a fourth into F. In 1839 Sattler invented the quartventil ( lit. The invention of valves was quickly applied to create valve trombones in the 1830s which replaced the slide altogether these became popular in military bands and Italian opera. Treatise author Georges Kastner and other contemporary writers described a dissatisfaction with bass instruments in F or E♭, due to their slow and unwieldy slides. It facilitated playing bass trombone parts in the low register, but was missing notes below E 2. 'tenor-bass trombone'), a tenor in B♭ built with the larger bore and mouthpiece from the F bass trombone. German instrument maker Christian Friedrich Sattler in 1821 created an instrument he called the Tenorbaßposaune ( lit. By the 18th century the F and E♭ bass trombones were used in Germany, Austria and Sweden, and the E♭ bass trombone in France. Rijksmuseum, Netherlands īass sackbuts were used in Europe during the Renaissance and early Baroque periods. The octav-posaun in B♭ refers to a very large and unwieldy predecessor of the contrabass trombone, a full octave below the tenor. 'third' or 'fourth' or 'fifth trombone', referring to intervals below B♭), though sometimes quartposaune was used generally to refer to any of these. These bass sackbuts were sometimes called terz-posaun, quart-posaun, and quint-posaun (Old German, lit. This instrument matches descriptions and illustrations by Praetorius from his 1614–20 Syntagma Musicum. The earliest known surviving specimen is an instrument in G built in Germany in 1593. They had a smaller bore and less flared bell than modern instruments, and a longer slide with an attached handle to allow slide positions otherwise beyond the reach of a fully outstretched arm. The earliest bass trombones were the bass sackbuts, usually pitched in G, F, or E♭ below the B♭ tenor. Trombones in Syntagma Musicum (1614–20), by Michael Praetorius For broader coverage of this topic, see Trombone § History.